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81.
A study on the removal of Co(Ⅱ) from aqueous solutions by water treatment residuals(WTR)was conducted in batch conditions. The sorption process of Co(Ⅱ) followed pseudosecondorder kinetics, with 30 hr required to reach equilibrium. Using the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model, a relatively high maximum sorption capacity of 17.31 mg/g Co(Ⅱ) was determined. The adsorption of Co(Ⅱ) was dependent on pH values and was affected by the ionic strength. Results show that Co(Ⅱ) adsorption was a spontaneous endothermic process and was favorable at high temperature. Most of the adsorbed Co(Ⅱ) stayed on the WTR permanently, whereas only small amounts of adsorbed Co(Ⅱ) were desorbed. The shifting of peaks in FT-IR spectra indicated that Co(Ⅱ) interacted with the WTR surface through strong covalent bond formation with Fe(Al)–O functional groups. It was concluded that WTR can be a suitable material from which to develop an efficient adsorbent for the removal of Co(Ⅱ) from wastewater. 相似文献
82.
Yitao Pan Xiaoyang Wang Leo W.Y. Yeung Nan Sheng Qianqian Cui Ruina Cui Hongxia Zhang Jiayin Dai 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2017,29(11):14-23
Phthalates are a large family of ubiquitous environmental pollutants suspected of being endocrine disruptors. Epidemiological studies have associated phthalate metabolites with decreased reproductive parameters and linked phthalate exposure with the level of urinary 5-methyl-2′-deoxycytidine(5mdC, a product of methylated DNA). In this study, adult male mice were exposed to 450 mg di-isobutyl phthalate(DiBP)/(kg·day) via dietary exposure for 28 days. Mono-isobutyl phthalate(Mi BP, the urinary metabolite) and reproductive function parameters were determined. The levels of 5mdC and 5-hydroxymethyl-2′-deoxycytidine(5hmdC) were measured in urine to evaluate if their contents were also altered by DiBP exposure in this animal model. Results showed that DiBP exposure led to a significant increase in the urinary 5mdC level and significant decreases in sperm concentration and motility in the epididymis, accompanied with reduced testosterone levels and downregulation of the P450 cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme(P450scc) gene in the mice testes. Our findings indicated that exposure to DiBP increased the urinary 5mdC levels,which supported our recent epidemiological study about the associations of urinary 5mdC with phthalate exposure in the male human population. In addition, DiBP exposure impaired male reproductive function, possibly by disturbing testosterone levels; P450scc might be a major steroidogenic enzyme targeted by DiBP or other phthalates. 相似文献
83.
Ruyuan Jiao Rolando Fabris Christopher W.K. Chow Mary Drikas John van Leeuwen Dongsheng Wang Zhizhen Xu 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2017,29(7):238-245
Minimizing particles in water is a key goal for improving drinking water quality and safety.The media filtration process,as the last step of the solid–liquid separation process,is largely influenced by the characteristics of flocs,which are formed and controlled within the coagulation process.In a laboratory-based study,the impacts of the physical characteristics of flocs formed using aluminum sulfate on the filtration treatment of two comparative water samples were investigated using a photometric dispersion analyzer and a filterability apparatus.In general,the optimum dosage for maximizing filterability was higher than that for minimizing turbidity under neutral p H conditions.For a monomeric aluminum-based coagulant,the charge neutralization mechanism produced better floc characteristics,including floc growth speed and size,than the sweep flocculation mechanism.In addition,the charge neutralization mechanism showed better performance compared to sweep flocculation in terms of DOC removal and floc filterability improvement for both waters,and showed superiority in turbidity removal only when the raw water had high turbidity.For the different mechanisms,the ways that floc characteristics impacted on floc filterability also differed.The low variation in floc size distribution obtained under the charge neutralization mechanism resulted in the flocs being amenable to removal by filtration processes.For the sweep flocculation mechanism,increasing the floc size improved the settling ability of flocs,resulting in higher filter efficiency. 相似文献
84.
针对16×10~4m~3LNG储罐安全阀泄漏问题,从阀门结构角度对泄漏原因进行了详细的分析,认为主要有三种可能:(1)导阀失效;(2)上阀腔漏气;(3)阀座密封不严。根据分析结论,提出了故障排查的方法以及操作步骤;结合阀门解体检查情况,建立了阀门失效的故障树,从投产、阀门运行维护角度提出了相关建议。 相似文献
85.
为预防酸性水储罐气相空间闪爆事故的发生,取样分析了某炼厂酸性水罐气相空间组成,根据气相组成配制了3种混合可燃气体,利用5 L爆炸极限测试仪测定了混合可燃气体在不同氧含量条件下的爆炸极限,根据爆炸极限数据计算出3种混合可燃气体的极限氧含量。结果表明:随着体系中氧含量增加,爆炸上限明显升高,爆炸下限无明显变化;烃类物质含量高时,混合可燃气体的爆炸上下限均降低,爆炸极限宽度变小;硫化氢和氢气含量高时,混合可燃气体爆炸上下限均升高,爆炸极限宽度变大;3种气相组成的极限氧含量分别为:8.1%、9.9%和10.3%,为防止罐顶气相组成发生闪爆,建议氧含量浓度控制在4%以内,当氧含量浓度到达5%时建议启动氮气联锁进行惰化和稀释。 相似文献
86.
盐城经济技术开发区污水处理厂提标改造工程设计研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
介绍了盐城经济技术开发区污水厂提标改造工程技术路线及方案.针对污水厂进水中工业废水含量较多的特点,增设水解酸化工艺段,将现状CAST池改造为AAO生物反应池,新建二沉池及混凝沉淀设施,使出水水质稳定达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB 18918-2002)中的一级A排放标准.同时增设污泥深度脱水设施,采用化学调理+板框压滤工艺.实际运行表明,经改造后的污水处理厂对各项污染物均取得了较好的去除效果,脱水后污泥的含水率可稳定控制在60%以下. 相似文献
87.
针对西安本地源谱缺乏的现状,总结统计了西安目前灰霾特征和主要成因,对西安市燃煤源进行了测定.研究发现,在煤烟尘PM2.5中SO2-4的含量最高(25%),其次为OC(12%)、NH+4(7%)、Cl-(5%).对固定源燃煤与民用散烧煤,不同脱硫方式、脱硝方式和锅炉类型的固定源成分谱分析得出:1.SO2-4及Al、Si、Ca在固定源煤烟尘PM2.5中含量大于民用燃煤,OC与之相反;2.炉内喷钙法PM2.5中SO2-4明显高于其它脱硫法含量;双碱法PM2.5中Na的含量显著高于其它脱硫工艺流程的含量;氧化镁法PM2.5 中Mg含量为各类脱硫工艺中最高;石灰石膏法颗粒物中Mg、Al、Si、Ca等元素含量均高于大多数工艺;3.不同的脱硝工艺中NO-3离子在各类成分谱中的含量极低;4.链条炉与层燃炉PM2.5中OC、EC含量高于循环流化床炉、煤粉炉. 相似文献
88.
膨胀污泥中丝状菌的分离鉴定与特性分析 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1
为了阐明膨胀污泥中的丝状菌种类和特性,利用培养法、显微镜检和分子生物学分析技术从城市污水处理厂的膨胀污泥中分离鉴定丝状菌,并对典型丝状菌进行特性分析.利用高氏一号培养基和淀粉培养基分离出的丝状菌可归入18个属,其中链霉菌属(Streptomyce)、细杆菌属(Microbacterium)属于放线菌门,其余均属于真菌.青霉菌属(Penicillium)、枝孢菌属(Cladosporium)、链格孢属(Alternaria)、曲霉菌属(Aspergillus)、毛孢子菌属(Trichosporon)在培养基上的出现频次较高.毛孢子菌、链霉菌、青霉菌和链格孢菌都能在pH中性或偏酸性条件下良好生长.高浓度的Na Cl能够抑制毛孢子菌和链霉菌,但对青霉菌和链格孢菌的抑制作用不明显.除毛孢子菌外,链霉菌、青霉菌和链格孢菌都可有效地利用蔗糖、淀粉和纤维素,碳源浓度增加会促进它们的生长.r DNA-ITS区高通量测序结果表明膨胀污泥中存在大量未知真菌. 相似文献
89.
90.
We selected the Guanting Reservoir in Beijing, China as a case where an industrial area locates on the upwind corner to study the influence of human activities and natural processes on the distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soils. Soil PAH concentrations in the study area follow a log-normal probability distribution function, suggesting that distribution of PAH in soils was affected by human activities. Distribution of PAHs in soils was significantly affected by the point source that high PAH concentrations were observed in near industrial area with an obvious declining trend from the northwest to the southeast which was the prevailing wind direction in this area. Away from the influence of point source, distribution of PAHs in soils was found to significantly correlate with total organic carbon content, while the influences of agricultural land uses and type of soil texture on the total soil PAHs contents and ring compositions were quite limited. The results can provide some evidences and data on the pollutant accumulation in drink water protection area influenced by natural processes and human activities. 相似文献